Proverbs, Idioms, Expressions, and Quotes
In the English language, there are several fixed forms of expression that may seem similar at first glance but actually differ in important ways. Below we explain what proverbs, idioms, expressions, and quotes are — each with an example.
Proverbs
A proverb is a complete sentence, always in the present tense, that conveys a general truth or piece of wisdom. It’s never a question and has a fixed form that you typically cannot change.
Features:
- Complete sentence
- Present tense
- Conveys wisdom or a life lesson
- Fixed and unchangeable
Example:
This means that fixing a small problem right away prevents it from becoming a bigger one later.
Idioms
An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a figurative meaning different from the literal meanings of the individual words. Idioms often act as part of a sentence (not a full sentence) and usually do not include verbs or follow typical grammatical rules.
Features:
- Not a full sentence
- No verb (in many cases)
- Figurative meaning
- Does not express general wisdom
Example:
Example: Let me explain it in a nutshell: we’re out of money.
Expressions
An expression is a commonly used phrase that includes a verb and often forms a complete sentence. Like idioms, expressions tend to have a figurative meaning. However, unlike proverbs, they don’t necessarily convey timeless wisdom.
Features:
- Includes a verb
- Often forms a complete sentence
- Figurative meaning
- No general wisdom required
Example:
Meaning: to face a painful or difficult situation with courage.
Quotes
A quote is the literal repetition of something someone has said or written, usually a famous or noteworthy person. Quotes can be informative, inspiring, or witty. Unlike the other categories above, quotes are not fixed expressions; they are simply repeated word-for-word.
Features:
- Exact words from a person
- May be a sentence or multiple sentences
- Attributed to a known source (e.g., writer, philosopher, politician)
- May include wisdom, but not necessarily
Example:
(Franklin D. Roosevelt)
A famous quote from a U.S. President during a time of crisis, encouraging courage.
